APPLIED HYDRAULICS AND HYDROLOGY

S12 MKII Advanced Hydrology Study System - Issue 3

This apparatus demonstrates some of the major physical processes found in hydrology and fluvial geomorphology, including: rainfall hydrographs for catchment areas of varying permeability; the abstraction of ground water by wells, both with and without surface recharge from rainfall; the formation of river features and effects of sediment transport.

Realistic results can be obtained from this small scale, floor standing apparatus, which can be conveniently located and requires no special services.

Order Specification |
Ordering Information |
Capabilities |
Features |
Description

| Shipping Specification and Dimensions

ORDERING SPECIFICATION

1. A self contained floor standing apparatus for hydrology and fluvial geomorphology demonstrations, comprising:
(a) A 2m x 1m stainless steel tank, tiltable using a dual linked jacking system
(b) 8 stainless steel spray nozzles mounted on an adjustable height gantry
(c) A stilled tank providing a formed flow river inlet
(d) Two flowmeters (3L/min & 5L/min) to measure and adjust the inlet flows
(e) An outlet tank allowing both water and sediment flow to be measured
(f) Two French drains, two well points and 20 manometer tapping points linked to a manometer bank
(g) A large plastic sump tank plus a recirculating pump

2. Experimental capabilities include:
(a) Run-off hydrographs from model catchments
(b) Draw-down curves for one well and two well systems
(c) Ground water flow and hydraulic gradients
(d) Model stream flow in alluvial material
(e) Formation and development of river features over time
(f) Sediment transport, bedload motion, scour and erosion

3. A version is available with instrumentation to measure both water and sediment run-off in real time. The package included data logging and educational software, (requires a customer provided PC).

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Ordering Information

S12-MKII-A Advanced hydrology study system
220/240V, 50Hz

S12-MKII-B Advanced hydrology study system
110/120V, 60Hz

S12-MKII-G Advanced hydrology study system
220V, 60Hz

S12-MKII-50-A Hydrology system c/w instrumentation
220/240V, 50Hz

S12-MKII-50-B Hydrology system c/w instrumentation
110/120V, 60Hz

S12-MKII-50-G Hydrology system c/w instrumentation
220V, 60Hz

S12-MODELS Surface models for use with S12-MkII

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Investigation Capabilities

> Determination of run-off hydrographs from model catchments including multiple storms, moving storms, effect of reservoir storage and land drains
> Construction of draw-down curves for one or two well systems in a sand bed
> Hydraulic gradients in ground water flow .Investigation of model stream flow in alluvial material
> Formation of river features and development over time
> Sediment transport, bedload motion, scour and erosion

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Features

> Stilled inlet tank provides developed river flow conditions, allowing the full length of the tank to be used for river simulations
> Novel outlet tank design for water flow and sediment flow measurement
> Stainless steel sand tank
> Dual jacks provide adjustable tilt
> Adjustable spray nozzle height
> Use of fine grade sand allows detailed feature development
> Single grade of sand for all defined demonstrations, no need to
change the sand
> Control and measurement of inlet flows
> Flexible configuration allows a wide range of simulations
> Flexible configuration allows a wide range of simulations
> Computer data logging option for sediment and water outlet flow measurement

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Description

Sand tank detail

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The unit comprises a sand tank, made of stainless steel, measuring 2 metres by 1 metre. Water may be input to the sand tank from spray nozzles located above the tank (simulating rainfall), from an inlet tank simulating a river flow or from two french drains buried in the sand at either end of the tank. The water is output either from an outlet tank and flow measurement system located at the end of the main sand tank, from one or both of the two wells located in the tank, or one or both of the French drains.
A large plastic sump tank is located under the sand tank.

Ground water table levels (phreatic surface) are measured using twenty tapping points in the sand tank, configured in a cruciform pattern, and displayed on a manometer bank.

Adjustable spray nozzle gantry

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Eight stainless steel spray nozzles are mounted on a gantry above the sand tank, positioned to give an even distribution across the tank surface. The height of the gantry can be easily adjusted. Each nozzle has an associated on/off valve, allowing a wide variety of moving rainfall patterns to be simulated.

The river inlet tank uses glass balls to still the flow, and a shaped channel section to provide formed flow conditions into the sand tank.

The subsurface flow inputs are via two French drains, buried in the sand at either end of the tank. These French drains extend the full width of the tank. Each drain can be configured as an inlet or an outlet to permit a wide variety of hydrological demonstrations.

Two variable area flowmeters with integral adjusting valves are used to control and measure the various flows into the tank. The use of self-sealing quick release fittings allows the system to be configured in a variety of different ways, enabling a wide range of demonstrations. The two flowmeters have different ranges, further enhancing the flexibility of the overall system. Pressure regulators and filters are incorporated in the water supply lines, minimising system disturbances. The outlet tank is located at the end of the sand tank, and is used for hydrographs, run-off and river formation demonstrations. A stepped height weir is used to adjust the outlet conditions. (When performing water table demonstrations this stepped weir is replaced with a sealing plate.)

The outlet tank comprises a sand trap, a water stilling system and a flow measurement device. The flow measurement is performed by measuring the height of the water flowing over the outlet weir, using a direct reading inclined manometer. The sand trap is configured to allow the sediment to be collected in a sieve. In this way the amount of sediment collected over a period of time can be measured.

The S12MkII-50 version includes additional instrumentation and a data logging system that is used to measure both the water flow and the sediment flow. This system works by measuring the weight of the sand and water collected in the outlet tank, and calculating the sediment flow rate from the rate of change of the weight. It comes complete with educational software, help texts, graph plotting, etc., and requires a user provided PC.

An optional accessory is a set of shapes and models for use when investigating surface flow effects and run-off effects.